弓形虫病是由一种刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）引起的人和动物的感染。弓形虫属于形体zui小、结构简单的一类叫作原虫的寄生虫。猫和其他猫科动物是弓形虫的终宿主，它寄生在这些动物的小肠上皮细胞内，形成囊合子（许多文章称作“囊合子”，不够准确）随粪便排出，其他哺乳动物和鸟吃进去发生感染，在它们身体的组织内发育成为包囊。囊合子和包囊是弓形虫的不同发育阶段。虽然弓形虫并不“挑剔”，但是除了终宿主以外，在其他动物体内只能进行无性繁殖，不能向外界散播它的后代。[] 弓形虫属顶端复合物亚门(subphylum Apicomplexa)，孢子虫纲(clss sporozoasida)，真球虫目(order Eucoccidiorida)，细胞内寄生性原虫，其生活史中出现种形态，即滋养体(速殖子，tachyzoite);包囊(可长期存活于组织内)，呈圆形或椭圆形，直径～μm，破裂后可释出缓殖子，(bradyzoite);裂殖体;配子体和囊合子(oocyst)，前期为无性生殖，后期为有性生弓形虫生活史的完成需双宿主：在终宿主(猫与猫科动物)体内，上述种形成俱存;在中间宿主(包括禽类，哺乳类动物和人)体内则仅有无性生殖而无有性生殖，无性生殖常可造成全身感染，有性生殖仅在终宿主肠粘膜上皮细胞内发育造成局部感染，囊合子由猫粪排出，发育成熟后含二个孢子囊(sporocyst)，各含个子孢子(sporozoite)，在电镜下子孢子的结构与滋养体相似，囊合子被猫舔食后。

Toxoplasmosis is an infection of humans and animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii belongs to a parasite called a protozoa with the smallest body and simple structure. Cats and other felines are the ultimate hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. They parasitize in the intestinal epithelial cells of these animals and form capsular oysters (many articles called "capsules", not accurate enough) are excreted with feces, other mammals and birds eat. Into the infection, they develop into cysts in their body tissues. Capsules and cysts are different stages of development of Toxoplasma gondii. Although Toxoplasma gondii is not “findling”, except for the final host, it can only reproduce asexually in other animals and cannot disseminate its offspring to the outside world. [] The subphylum Apicomplexa, the clss sporozoasida, the order Eucoccidiorida, and the intracellular parasitic protozoa of the Toxoplasma genus, have a morphological form in their life history, ie, trophozoites ( Tachyzoite); cysts (which can survive for a long period of time in tissues), round or elliptical, ～μm in diameter, and can release bradyzoites after rupture; schizonts; gametophytes and capsular zygotes (oocyst), asexual reproduction in the early stage, and completion of the life history of the sexual T. gondii in the later period require two hosts: in the final host (cats and felines), the above species are formed; in the intermediate host (including birds, breastfeeding) In animals and humans, there is only asexual reproduction and no sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction can often cause systemic infections. Sexual reproduction develops only in the terminal host's intestinal mucosal epithelial cells to cause local infection. The zygosae are excreted by cat feces. After ripening, it contained two sporocysts, each containing sporozoites. The structure of sporozoites was similar to that of trophozoites under the electron microscope. The capsules were eaten by cats.

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