在趋化细菌子（如淋巴细菌子、补体等）的吸引下，成纤维细胞能缓慢地向一定方向移动。巨噬细胞（macrop细菌age）是体内广泛存在的具有强大吞噬功能的免疫细胞。在疏松结缔组织内的巨噬细胞又称为组织细胞（细菌istiocyte），常沿纤维散在分布，在炎症和异物等刺激下活化成游走的巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞形态多样，随功能状态而改变，通常有钝圆形突起，功能活跃者，常伸出较长的伪足而形态不规则。胞核较小，卵圆形或肾形，多为偏心位，着色深，核仁不明显，胞质丰富，多呈嗜酸性，含空泡和异物颗粒，电镜下，细胞表面有许多皱褶、小泡和微绒毛，胞质内含大量初级溶酶体、次级溶酶体、吞噬体、吞饮小泡和残余体。细胞膜附近有较多的微丝和微管（图3－5，3－6）。巨噬细胞是由血液内单核细胞穿出血管后分化而成。此时，细胞变大，线粒体及溶酶体增多，粘附和吞噬能力增强。在不同组织器官内的巨噬细胞存活时间不同，一般为2个月或更长。巨噬细胞有重要的防御功能，它具有趋化性定向运动、吞噬和清除异物及衰老伤亡的细胞、分泌多种生物活性物质以及参与和调节人体免疫应答等功能。（1）趋化性定向运动：巨噬细胞可沿某些化学物质的浓度梯度进行定向移动，聚集到产生和释放这些化学物基本相同，两者的主要区别是，致密结缔组织中的纤维成分特别多，而且排列紧密，细胞和基质成分很少。除弹性组织外，绝大多数的致密结缔组织中以粗大的胶原纤维束为主要成分，其中含少量纤维细胞、小血管和淋巴管。按纤维的性质和排列方式不同，可将致密结缔组织分为以下几种类型：1．不规则致密结缔组织分布于真皮的网状层、巩膜、大多数器官的被膜等处。以胶原纤维为主，粗大的胶原纤维束互相交织成致密的网或层。纤维的走行方向与承受机械力学作用的方向相适应。纤维束间有少量基质和成纤维细胞、纤维细胞、小血管及神经束等。
In the chemotactic bacteria (such as lymphatic bacteria, complement, etc.) attracted, fibroblasts can slowly move to a certain direction. Macrophage (macrop bacteria age) is a widespread immune phagocyte in the body. In the loose connective tissue macrophages, also known as the tissue cells (bacteria istiocyte), often scattered along the fibers, in inflammation and foreign body stimulated activation of migratory macrophages. Macrophages are diverse in shape and change with functional status, often with blunt, round protrusions and functionally active ones, often with longer pseudopods and irregular shapes. Small nucleus, oval or kidney-shaped, mostly eccentric position, deep color, nucleoli are not obvious, rich in cytoplasm, mostly eosinophilic, containing vacuoles and foreign particles, electron microscopy, the cell surface has many folds , Vesicles and microvilli, the cytoplasm contains a large number of primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, phagosomes, swallowing vesicles and residual body. There are more fibroblasts and microtubules near the cell membrane (Figures 3-5, 3-6). Macrophages are differentiated by monocytes exiting the bloodstream. At this point, cells become larger, increased mitochondria and lysosomes, increased adhesion and phagocytosis. Macrophages in different tissues and organs have different survival time, usually 2 months or longer. Macrophages have an important defensive function. They have the functions of chemotaxis-directed movement, phagocytosis and clearance of foreign bodies and senescent cell death, secretion of various bioactive substances, and participation in and regulation of the human immune response. (1) Chemotactic Orienteering: Macrophages can move along the concentration gradient of certain chemical substances. The main difference between them is that they produce and release these chemicals. The main difference between the two is that the fiber components in dense connective tissue Particularly large, and arranged in close, very few cells and matrix composition. In addition to elastic tissue, the vast majority of dense connective tissue with coarse collagen fiber bundles as the main component, which contains a small amount of fibroblasts, small blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. According to the nature of fibers and arranged in different ways, dense connective tissue can be divided into the following types: 1. Irregular dense connective tissue distribution in the reticular layer of the dermis, sclera, most organs of the capsule and so on. The main collagen fibers, coarse collagen fiber bundles interwoven into a dense network or layer. Fibers travel in the direction of mechanical mechanics to adapt to the direction. A small amount of fiber bundles between the matrix and fibroblasts, fibrocytes, small blood vessels and nerve bundles.

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