In order to prevent the side effect, that is, the mice prefer the bottle in a certain position, the water bottle and the bottle of the wine will change the position every day. Through observation and calculation within a period of time, the amount of water in mice and "drinking", the researchers divided the mice to "drink for" group (low alcohol drinking, LAD) and "drink beverages" group (high alcohol drinking, HAD). By analyzing the amount of alcohol consumed in two groups of mice, the researchers found that the alcohol preference of the LAD group was significantly lower than that in the HAD group.
VTA is one of the brain regions that secrete dopamine in the brain. It is closely related to the reward system and addiction. Is there any difference in VTA activity between LAD group and HAD group mice? The researchers analyzed the activity patterns of VTA neurons in two groups of mice. It was found that compared with LAD group, the VTA neuron discharge rate and cluster potential (bursting) frequency of HAD group decreased significantly, that is, the activity of VTA neurons in HAD group was weaker.
Since VTA neurons with high activity are likely to predict lower alcohol dependence, can VTA activity change the drinking behavior of mice? The researchers further applied the method of photo genetics to the VTA neurons of HAD group. It was found that VTA neuron cluster stimulation could reduce the drinking volume of mice, and this decrease could last for 48 hours.
At this point, the researchers hope to further explore why the increased activity of VTA can have such a significant impact on behavior. In the brain, VTA participates in two neural pathways. One is the reward pathway projecting to Nucleus Accumbens (NAc), the other is the cortical pathway projecting to the medial prefrontal lobe (medial prefrontal cortex). The researchers specifically stimulated the VTA neurons projecting to NAc, and found that HAD mice still showed a decrease in alcohol dependence. The behavior lasted for 24 hours, while the specific stimulation of neurons projecting to mPFC did not change the behavior of mice.
为咗防止偏侧效应，即小鼠偏好于位于某一位嘅樽，扮水嘅樽同扮酒樽每日会调换位。通过观察同计算一段时间内小鼠饮水嘅量同“饮酒”嘅量，研究者将小鼠分为咗“小饮怡情”组（low alcohol drinking，LAD）同“大饮伤身”组（high alcohol drinking，HAD）。通过分析两组小鼠嘅饮酒量，研究者发现LAD组嘅小鼠嘅酒精偏好程度显著噉低于HAD组
VTA系大脑中可以分泌多巴胺嘅脑区之一，与打赏系统同瘾现象有密切关系，咁，LAD组小鼠同HAD组小鼠嘅VTA活动系有差异呢？研究者分析咗两组小鼠嘅VTA神经元活动模式，原来比于LAD组，HAD组小鼠嘅VTA神经元放电率、簇状电位（bursting）频率等名额均有显著地下降，即HAD组小鼠嘅VTA神经元活动较弱
既然较高活跃度嘅VTA神经元好可能预示住较低嘅酒精靠晒性，如果增加VTA嘅神经元活动，可唔可以改变小鼠嘅饮酒行为呢？研究者进一步用光遗传学嘅方法特异性嘅作用于HAD组小鼠嘅VTA神经元，原来给予VTA神经元簇状兴奋性刺激可以降低小鼠嘅饮酒量，且呢种降低可以维持得48钟之耐
至此，研究者希望进一步探究点解VTA嘅活跃度增加就可以对行为惹咁显著嘅影响。喺大脑中，VTA共咗两条神经通路，一条系投射到伏隔（Nucleus Accumbens，NAc）嘅打赏通路，另一条系投射到内侧前额叶（medial prefrontal cortex，mPFC）嘅皮层通路。研究者招异性嘅激发咗投射到NAc嘅VTA神经元，原来HAD小鼠仍表现出咗酒精靠晒程度下降嘅行为，且应该行为可以持续24个钟，而招异性嘅激发投射到mPFC嘅神经元就唔会改变小鼠嘅行为

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