Most of the pancreas (95%) consists of two exocrine cells: acinus and ductal cells. Acinar cells produce digestive enzymes, catheter cells secrete bicarbonate, and transport digestive enzymes to the intestinal channel. The remaining 5% of the pancreas is the islet, dispersed in exocrine tissues and ducts, and contains endocrine cells that secrete hormones that maintain stable blood sugar. Islets contain five types of endocrine cells, alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, gamma cells and epsilon cells.
This study uses large-scale single-cell sequencing method of droplet based on the principle of drawing the human and mouse more than 12000 transcription pancreatic cells provide a reference spectrum; a new cell type specific transcription factor, signal receptor and treatment related genes for the subsequent discovery.
research method
2.1 droplet platforms were used to separate 2000 pancreatic cells from 4 individuals, 10000 and 2 mice, and 12000 cells were subjected to single cell transcriptome sequencing, with 100 thousand reads per cell. The human pancreas cells came from 4 donors, and the mice's pancreatic cells came from 2 mice.

2.2 immunohistochemical study: FFAR4/GPR120, MUC1 and CFTR.

experimental result

3.1 single cell sequencing identification of subgroups of expression profiles of pancreatic cell types

After filtration, 12000 cells contained 8629 cells from 4 individuals, and 1886 from each mouse cell, with approximay 6000 transcripts and 2000 genes. By cluster analysis, human and mice were divided into 14 and 13 subgroups, and the characteristic genes of each subgroup were displayed.

The relationship between the 3.2 cell subtypes explains the consistent type of cell type between human and mouse strains

Analyzing all the cell types detected in humans and mice, we found almost the same pattern of cell relationships in humans and mice.

In addition, the consistency of cell types between the same species was analyzed. Compared with human 1 and 3 of human ductal cells, the correlation coefficient R2=0.92 was much higher than that of the same donor. The correlation coefficient R2=0.72 of different cell types of the same donor showed that the average transcription of cell type was conservative.

3.3 endocrine specific gene expression

The sequencing data also provides a treasure house for the study of gene expression. For example, FFAR4 related to drug development, UCN3 related to functional maturity of beta cells, LEPR related to genetic related DLK1, and mouse model of human disease
FFAR4/GPR120 agonists are now being developed to treat diabetes, because they play the role of insulin, which can reduce blood sugar. The study found that beta cells and human delta cell FFAR4 gene expression at the same time, in order to further verify, then we on the islet for immunohistochemical staining, found confirmed the presence of FFAR4 in these two cells, the overthrow of the thought that FFAR4 only exists in the delta cell in conclusion.

膵臓のほとんど（95）は二つの外分泌細胞：腺泡やカテーテル細胞。腺泡細胞が消化酵素、カテーテル細胞碳酸氢盐分泌し、輸送、消化酵素腸までチャネル。膵臓の殘りの5 %は膵島、分散外分泌組織やカテーテル内分泌、血糖の安定維持を含めたホルモンの内分泌細胞。膵島含め5種類の内分泌細胞のタイプ、α細胞、β細胞、δ細胞、γ細胞やε細胞。
本研究で使用するにもとづいて液滴の原理の大規模な単細胞の転写組シークエンシング方法、描く人とマウスじゅうに、000以上の膵臓細胞の転写譜；後続新しい発見の細胞のタイプ、特異性の転写因子、信号受容体や治療に関する参考遺伝子。
研究方法
2 . 1液滴プラットフォーム、分離よんしよ個人じゅう、000とにマウスのだけに、000膵臓細胞、共じゅうに、000細胞を単細胞の転写組シークエンシング、すべての細胞じゅう万reads数。その中の人のすい臓細胞は4人のドナー、マウスのすい臓細胞から2つのマウスの品系から来た。

2 . 2免疫組化研究：FFAR4 / GPR120、MUC1 and CFTR。

実験の結果

3 . 1単細胞シークエンシング鑑定した膵臓細胞のタイプの発現プロファイル亜群

じゅうに、000個もの細胞を含めたはちろ過後、629個もの細胞からよんしよいち個人や、886から約ろくマウス細胞、000本、2000個遺伝子転写。人とネズミをそれぞれ14と13の亜群に分け、それぞれの亜群の特徴的な遺伝子を展示した

3 . 2細胞亜型の間の関係を説明した人とマウス品係の間に一緻の細胞のタイプ

人とネズミの上で検出したすべての細胞のタイプを分析して、私たちは人とネズミの上でほとんど同じ細胞関係モード図を発見しました。

また、分析と同じ種個体間の細胞のタイプの整合性を比較した人と人がいちさんのカテーテル細胞、関連係数R 2 = 0 .上回る同ドナーと細胞のタイプの関連係数R 2 = 0 . 72を表明し、細胞のタイプの平均転写保守的な

3.3内分泌性遺伝子表現

シークエンシングデータも提供した研究遺伝子発現の宝庫。たとえばと薬物の開発に関するFFAR4、β細胞の機能と成熟し、関連のUCN3と遺伝相関のDLK1、人類の疾病のモデルマウスに関するLEPR
FFAR4 / GPR120の興奮剤に対して現在開発中の糖尿病の治療に使用、彼らを発揮しているようにインスリンの作用、血糖値を下げる。本研究発見人類のβ細胞や遺伝子を同時に表現FFAR4δ細胞、さらに次のために検証し、私たちは膵島を免疫組化染色、発見FFAR4存在確認はこの2種類の細胞で滅亡、前に思うしか存在しFFAR4δ細胞の中の結論。

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