E2A（19p13）基因断裂探针

E2A（19p13）基因断裂探针

 广州健仑生物科技​有限公司 

本司长期供应尼古丁（可替宁）检测试剂盒，其主要品牌包括美国NovaBios、广州健仑、广州创仑等进口产品，国产产品，试剂盒的实验方法是胶体金方法。

我司还有很多荧光原位杂交系列检测试剂盒以及各种FISH基因探针和染色体探针等，。

E2A（19p13）基因断裂探针

   本试剂盒主要用于E2A（19p13）基因断裂的检测，里面包括即用型杂交液和DAPI复染剂。
本试剂盒仅供科研使用。

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【公司名称】 广州健仑生物科技有限公司
【】    杨永汉 

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【企业文化宣传】

1、大鼠心电图为什么没有ST段？
从动作电位的角度来解释。
以人的心电图为例：静息状态下细胞内电位约为-90mv，也就是说细胞内电位比细胞外电位低90mv，细胞膜内带负电荷，膜外有同等数量的正电荷，称为极化状态。心肌细胞激动后，细胞发生除极，细胞膜内变成正电荷，膜外变成负电荷，跨膜电位骤升到+30mv，这一过程称为动作电位0相。复极时，细胞内正电位下降，复极过程分为1、2、3相。复极过程中的2相很特殊，是一条相对平坦的曲线，接近零电位，对应心电图上的ST段。

那么动物的心电图又如何呢？

比如狗的心室复极过程存在平坦的2相，在心电图上就体现在明显的ST段上，而大鼠的心室复极过程没有2相，在心电图上就没有明显的ST段。

（PS：心房也有复极波，但是很小，通常消失在QRS综合波里，一般看不到）

2、如何计算大鼠的“ST段”？

对于存在ST段的动物心电图（狗、猴子），可以按照常规ST段计算方法来计算：以线为基线，选择ST段上某一个点作为取值点，比如J点，取值点到基线的距离就是ST段的数值，取值点在基线以上，ST段即为正值，取值点在基线以下，ST段即为负值。

尽管大鼠心电图没有常规的ST段，但是ST段是心电图上极为重要的一个参数，不能轻易放弃，还是要解析的。在Rat心电图里，我们用另一种方法来代替。
如果您使用的是北京软隆公司的心电图采集与解析系统SP2006，做大鼠的ST段解析时，推荐您使用公式S ST-index，延迟0，范围10。代表的是从S波顶点开始，往后取10个点（10ms），以线为基线，计算10个点到基线距离的平均值。上图的10个取值点均在基线以下，ST段数值为负值-41。下图中的10个取值点一部分在基线以下，一部分在基线以上，10个点的平均值为0，所以ST段=0。（延迟和范围的数值可以根据需要自行设定）

上图中，横坐标每个小格代表2.5ms，纵坐标每个小格代表5×1/100mV.
3、这些情况大鼠的心电图上会出现ST段

①在大鼠成熟初期有可辨认清晰的ST段，但是伴随着成长会*消失，已经成熟的大鼠，就看不到ST段了。

②在低温、缺氧时，或注射利血平等药物时，作用于心室复极的2相离子活动，同时导致心率过缓，可能会在心电图上出现明显的ST段。如果在大鼠中采集到明显的ST段，应该考虑是否有低温、缺氧或药物的因素。采集心电图时，要给麻醉的动物保温也是极其有必要的。

4、正常大鼠ST段值应该是多少？

与人的心电图解析不同，目前尚无*的动物心电图背景数据，在一些心电图书籍或者文献里能找到一些参考数值，但是，这些数值与动物种属、周龄、使用哪款心电图设备、采样频率、导联方式、大鼠体位、解析公式等密切相关，而这些可能影响心电图的因素并没有统一的*规定，所以，还没有*的背景数据，文献里的数值也不能直接拿来使用。那么拿什么做正常参考值呢？答案是自己做空白对照组，你的空白对照组采集到的数值，就是你这个实验的参考值。

1. Why does the electrocardiogram of rats have no ST segment?
It is explained from the angle of action potential.
Take human electrocardiogram as an example: resting state cell potential is about -90mv, that is to say, intracellular potential is 90mV lower than extracellular potential, cell membrane has negative charge, and the same number of positive charges outside the membrane is called polarization state. The myocardial cells excited after cell depolarization, the cell membrane becomes positively charged, the outer membrane becomes negatively charged, the transmembrane potential soared to +30mv, a process called phase 0 of the action potential. At the repolarization, the positive potential of the cells decreased and the repolarization process was divided into 1, 2, and 3 phases. The 2 phase in the repolarization process is very special. It is a relatively flat curve, close to the zero potential, and corresponds to the ST segment on the electrocardiogram.

So what about the animal's electrocardiogram?

For example, there is a flat 2 phase in the ventricular repolarization process of the dog, which is manifested in the obvious ST segment on the electrocardiogram, but there is no 2 phase in the ventricular repolarization process in the rat, and there is no obvious ST segment on the ECG.

(PS: have atrial repolarization wave, but very small, usually disappeared in the QRS wave, generally do not see)

2. How to calculate the "ST segment" of the rat?

For the existence of ST segment of ECG animal (dog, monkey), according to the conventional ST segment calculation method: using the line as the baseline, select the ST section of a point as a value, such as J, numerical value to the baseline distance is ST, above the baseline value, ST the positive value below the baseline, ST is negative.

Although the rat electrocardiogram has no regular ST segment, the ST segment is a very important parameter on the electrocardiogram. It is not easy to give up or to be parsed. In the Rat electrocardiogram, we replace it in another way.
If you are using the ECG acquisition and analysis system SP2006 of Beijing soft long company, when making the ST segment resolution of the rat, you are recommended to use the formula S ST-index, which is delayed by 0, and the range is 10. The representative is starting from the S wave vertex, taking 10 points (10ms) back, taking the line as the baseline, and calculating the average of the 10 points to the baseline distance. The 10 values of the above figure are below the baseline, and the ST segment is -41. The 10 value points in the following figure are below the baseline, one part above the baseline, and the average of the 10 points is 0, so the ST segment =0. (the value of the delay and range can be set according to the need)

In the above picture, each small lattice of the abscissa stands for 2.5ms, and each small lattice of the ordinate represents 5 * 1/100mV.
3. In these cases, the ST segment of the rat's electrocardiogram

(1) there is a clear ST segment in the early maturing of the rat, but as the growth will disappear compley, the mature rat can not see the ST segment.

(2) at low temperature, hypoxia, or injecting equal blood drug, the action of 2 phase ion acting on ventricular repolarization, at the same time, leads to slow heart rate, which may lead to obvious ST segment on ECG. If a clear ST segment is collected in the rat, it should be considered if there are factors of hypothermia, hypoxia or drug. When collecting the electrocardiogram, it is also extremely necessary to keep the heat of the anaesthetized animal.

4. What should the ST segment of normal rats be?

The ECG analysis and people are different, there is no animal ECG background of official data, in some books or documents in ECG can find some reference values, but these values and animal species, weeks, which lead ECG device, sampling frequency, mode, rat body, analytical formula closely related. These factors may affect the ECG and there is no uniform official, so no official background data, numerical literature cannot be directly used to use. So what do you do with the normal reference value? The answer is to make a blank control group. The value of your blank control group is the reference value of your experiment.